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    Check the summary from the research


    1. Pesticide run-off into the oceans has caused arsenic and  
    heavy metal contamination. Lead and mercury has been found
    by scientists who study marine botany.

    2. Fertilizer run-off into the oceans has caused petroleum-
    fueled, oversized seaweed.

    3. Oil-spill dispersant contamination from the gulf oil spill has
    spread.

    4. Radiation contamination continues-- seaweed sucks up
    radiation like a sponge. Fukushima nuclear reactor showed us
    this.

    5. Fresh water seaweeds such as spirulina absorb
    contamination which deposited from soil contamination run-off
    and radioactive fall out.

    Spirulina is a form of cyanobacterium, known to produce toxins
    such as microcystins. Microcystins can cause gastric
    disturbances. Over time, mycrocystinscan can lead to
    liver cancer. Chronic exposure to even very low levels of
    microcystins expose consumers to the potential risk of cancer.


WARNING: Don't rely on a seaweed sales company to test. Unless
you are prepared to pay a lab to test EACH batch of seaweed you
buy personally-- as soon as you buy it-- consider the seaweed
contaminated.

Many people report allergies to seaweeds. It's not known whether it's
the environmental contaminants or some mutation that causes
allergies.

Also, remember the iodine content of seaweed evaporates (sublimes)
quickly after harvesting. You don't know how long the seaweed has
been in a warehouse.

General References:

Gilroy, D., Kauffman, K., Hall, D., Huang, X., & Chu, F. (2000).
Assessing potential health risks from microcystin toxins in
blue-green algae dietary supplements. Environmental Health
Perspectives 108 (5): 435–439. doi:10.2307/3454384. JSTOR
3454384. PMC 1638057.

Belay, Amha (2008). "Spirulina (Arthrospira): Production and Quality
Assurance". Spirulina in Human Nutrition and Health, CRC
Press: 1-25.

"Blue-green algae". MedlinePlus. National Institutes of Health. July
6, 2011. Retrieved October 4, 2011.

China’s drug agency rejects state media claims of cover-up in
lead found in health supplement. Washington Post. April 10,
2012. Retrieved April 23, 2012.

References from the medical literature:

Pesticides in seaweed: optimization of pressurized liquid
extraction and in-cell clean-up and analysis by liquid
chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Lorenzo RA, Pais S, Racamonde I, García-Rodríguez D, Carro AM.
Anal Bioanal Chem. 2012 Jul;404(1):173-81. doi: 10.1007/s00216-
012-6106-4. Epub 2012 May 26.


Toxicity of so-called edible hijiki seaweed (Sargassum
fusiforme) containing inorganic arsenic.
Yokoi K, Konomi A.
Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2012 Jul;63(2):291-7. doi: 10.1016/j.yrtph.
2012.04.006. Epub 2012 Apr 27.


Radioiodine: the classic theranostic agent.
Silberstein EB.
Semin Nucl Med. 2012 May;42(3):164-70. doi: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.
2011.12.002. Review.

Humans seem to produce arsenobetaine and dimethylarsinate
after a bolus dose of seafood.
Molin M, Ulven SM, Dahl L, Telle-Hansen VH, Holck M, Skjegstad G,
Ledsaak O, Sloth JJ, Goessler W, Oshaug A, Alexander J, Fliegel D,
Ydersbond TA, Meltzer HM.
Environ Res. 2012 Jan;112:28-39. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.
2011.11.007. Epub 2011 Dec 2.

A LC-MS/MS methodology to determine furaltadone residues
in the macroalgae Ulva lactuca.
Leston S, Nunes M, Freitas A, Barbosa J, Ramos F, Pardal MÂ.
J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2011 Dec 15;879
(32):3832-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.10.030. Epub 2011 Oct 29.

Inter-population comparisons of copper resistance and
accumulation in the red seaweed, Gracilariopsis longissima.
Brown MT, Newman JE, Han T.
Ecotoxicology. 2012 Mar;21(2):591-600. doi: 10.1007/s10646-011-
0819-6. Epub 2011 Nov 18.

Determination of water-soluble arsenic compounds in
commercial edible seaweed by LC-ICPMS.
Llorente-Mirandes T, Ruiz-Chancho MJ, Barbero M, Rubio R, López-
Sánchez JF.
J Agric Food Chem. 2011 Dec 28;59(24):12963-8. doi: 10.1021
/jf2040466. Epub 2011 Nov 30.

Two-dimensional HPLC coupled to ICP-MS and electrospray
ionisation (ESI)-MS/MS for investigating the bioavailability in
vitro of arsenic species from edible seaweed.
Garcia-Sartal C, Taebunpakul S, Stokes E, Barciela-Alonso Mdel C,
Bermejo-Barrera P, Goenaga-Infante H.
Anal Bioanal Chem. 2012 Apr;402(10):3359-69. doi: 10.1007/s00216-
011-5483-4. Epub 2011 Oct 20.
Contamination -- Seaweed is No Longer a Healthy Food  
by Lynne Farrow

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